Simulation of Climatic Conditions within the Caves Through a Controlled Laboratory Environment to Estimate the Annual Dissolution Rate of Karstic Shapes Inside Katale Khor and Saholan Caves

نویسندگان

  • Abdolmaleki, Tayebeh Department of Geomorphology, Faculty of Planning and Environmental Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
  • Karimi Soltani, Peyman Department of Geography, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Razi University of Kermanshah, Kermanshah, Iran
  • Mokhtari, Dawood Department of Geomorphology, Faculty of Planning and Environmental Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده مقاله:

Aims & Backgrounds: Katlekhour Cave near Garmab (Zanjan) and Saholan Cave in southeast Mahabad, two Iranian tourist caves, attract a large number of tourists annually. Indiscriminate entry and higher number of tourists into the fragile and sensitive environment of the caves increase the concentration of carbon dioxide and disturb the chemical equilibrium inside the cave and it also has devastating effects, like erosion and corrosion, on Karst forms inside the cave. Therefore, this paper attempts to investigate the annual dissolution rate of cave forms by simulating and reconstructing climatic conditions inside a controlled laboratory environment.  Methodology: To achieve the objectives of the study, data on temperature, relative humidity and CO2 content within the caves in question during two 15-day periods in February due to low number of tourists and April due to high tourist presence inside the caves were collected using triple tool of temperature, humidity, and Co2 gauge model (AZ 77535). Next, by simulating the same conditions in a controlled laboratory environment, the amount of annual dissolution of the forms inside the caves was calculated using weighting method. Findings: The amount of dissolution and scaling of forms is 0.9445 g / year for Katlekhour and 2.20 g / year for Saholan Cave. Of this amount, 0.7661 g is 81.12% of total dissolution for Katlekhour Cave and 1.6991 g is 84.45% for Saholan Cave are attributed to tourists’ presence. Conclusion: Maximum presence of tourists in Katlekhour and Saholan Caves caused the micro-climates in which the increased level of the concentration of de-carbohydrate increases the temperature of cave and decreases the moisture. As a result of these changes, the formation process of karstic shapes within the caves is disrupted, resulting in the destruction and shattering of the forms.

برای دانلود باید عضویت طلایی داشته باشید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

the innovation of a statistical model to estimate dependable rainfall (dr) and develop it for determination and classification of drought and wet years of iran

آب حاصل از بارش منبع تأمین نیازهای بی شمار جانداران به ویژه انسان است و هرگونه کاهش در کم و کیف آن مستقیماً حیات موجودات زنده را تحت تأثیر منفی قرار می دهد. نوسان سال به سال بارش از ویژگی های اساسی و بسیار مهم بارش های سالانه ایران محسوب می شود که آثار زیان بار آن در تمام عرصه های اقتصادی، اجتماعی و حتی سیاسی- امنیتی به نحوی منعکس می شود. چون میزان آب ناشی از بارش یکی از مولفه های اصلی برنامه ...

15 صفحه اول

a synchronic and diachronic approach to the change route of address terms in the two recent centuries of persian language

terms of address as an important linguistics items provide valuable information about the interlocutors, their relationship and their circumstances. this study was done to investigate the change route of persian address terms in the two recent centuries including three historical periods of qajar, pahlavi and after the islamic revolution. data were extracted from a corpus consisting 24 novels w...

15 صفحه اول

the effect of taftan pozzolan on the compressive strength of concrete in the environmental conditions of oman sea (chabahar port)

cement is an essential ingredient in the concrete buildings. for production of cement considerable amount of fossil fuel and electrical energy is consumed. on the other hand for generating one tone of portland cement, nearly one ton of carbon dioxide is released. it shows that 7 percent of the total released carbon dioxide in the world relates to the cement industry. considering ecological issu...

heterogeneity within the orientalist discourse: representation of the orient in womens travelogues and mens paintings

from 1950s onward, new theories and critical approaches burgeoned across humanities. these theories were context-oriented; as a result, the analysis of discursive practices gained significance. thus, social, political, historical and cultural discourses that have been hitherto marginalized and considered inferior to literary texts, were introduced as important texts to be analyzed by critics. o...

wuthering heights and the concept of marality/a sociological study of the novel

to discuss my point, i have collected quite a number of articles, anthologies, and books about "wuthering heights" applying various ideas and theories to this fantastic story. hence, i have come to believe that gadamer and jauss are rightful when they claim that "the individaul human mind is the center and origin of all meaning," 3 that reading literature is a reader-oriented activity, that it ...

15 صفحه اول

منابع من

با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

ذخیره در منابع من قبلا به منابع من ذحیره شده

{@ msg_add @}


عنوان ژورنال

دوره 34  شماره None

صفحات  567- 576

تاریخ انتشار 2019-12

با دنبال کردن یک ژورنال هنگامی که شماره جدید این ژورنال منتشر می شود به شما از طریق ایمیل اطلاع داده می شود.

کلمات کلیدی

کلمات کلیدی برای این مقاله ارائه نشده است

میزبانی شده توسط پلتفرم ابری doprax.com

copyright © 2015-2023